Cartilage

Cartilage is the white, flexible but firm connective tissue, which covers the ends of the bones. Cartilage provides a smooth cushion, letting the bones of the joint move effortlessly without painful contact. Although cartilage is tough, it can be damaged either suddenly due to an injury or degenerate from general wear and tear, or due to any infection or inflammatory disease.

Symptoms
Pain and swelling in the joint. Locking sensation in the knee, which interferes with the ability to stand or walk. In some injuries, a piece of cartilage can be detached and behave like a “loose body” in the joint which affects the movement and causes pain.

Diagnosis
The doctor will perform a physical examination and evaluate the symptoms. X-ray to see for any bone fracture or dislocation in cases of injury and reduced joint space and sclerosis of bone ends and osteophyte or loose body formation in degenerative cases. Cartilage is not seen on the x-ray. MRI Scan is useful in some patients.

Treatment
Non Operative – Rest, lifestyle modification and weight loss, anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy to strengthen the muscles, changing footwear, taping or bracing.

Surgical Treatment – Injured cartilage typically does not heal on its own, so doctors have developed several surgical techniques that attempt to repair, regenerate, and replace cartilage.